Neuron Cells Of Human Brain

Neuron is actually the basic structural and functional unit [cell] of the nervous system. An individual has86 billion neuron which locates in his brain.  Neurons are specialized cells of the nervous system that transmit signals throughout the body.  The most unique and important structure of the neuron are the long extensions that extend out from the cell body. There are 2 types of extensions axons and dendrites. Dendrites are extensions of neurons that receive signals and conduct them towards the body. And the axons are extensions of neurons that conduct signals away from the cell body.
Most neurons are made up of following parts;
.  The nucleus [which contains the genetic instructions]
. The soma [cell body]
. Dendrites [branch- like structure that receive information from other neurons]
. Axons [long tubular pathways which send information’s to other parts of the brain]
. Synapse [space between the junctions of neurons]
All the division of nervous system based on the functions of neurons. They are specialized cells that process information’s.  Like all cells they are unbelievable complicated in their own right. All nervous systems in all animals have four basic types of functional cell.
. Sensory neurons; these neurons tell the rest of the brain about the external and internal environment.
. Motor neuron; these neurons contract muscles and mediate behavior and other output neuron stimulate glands and organs.
. Communication neuron; communication neurons transmit signals from one brain area to another.
. Computation neuron; the vast majority of neuron in vertebrates are computation neurons. Computation neurons extract and process information coming in from the senses, compare that information’s to what’s in memory and use the information to plan and execute behavior. Each of the several hundred brain regions contains very approximately several dozen distinct type of computational nervous that mediate the function of brain area.

The Human Endocrine System or Gland Producing Hormones

THE HUMAN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM or GLANDS PRODUCING HORMONES:

The endocrine system is the collection glands that produce hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and development, tissue functioning, sexual functioning, reproduction sleep and mood among other things.
The major endocrine glands include the piturary glands, pinerial glands, pencrias, overies, tasties, thyroid glands, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, gastrointestinal tract, and hypothalamus.
The endocrine system is in contrast to the exocrine system which secretes its hormones using ducts.
The endocrine system is an information signals system like the nervous system but classifiably these both are different.
Hypothalamus:
Hypothalamus is a part of brain that locate superior and inferior to the brain system and inferior to the thalamus. It is also responsible for the direct control of the endocrine system through pituitary glands.
The hypothalamus has special cells called neurosecratory cellsneurones that secretes hormones:
.  oxytocin
. growth hormone-releasing hormones [GHRH]
. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormones [GnRH]
. Corticotrophin-releasing hormones [CRH]
. Antidieuretic hormones [ADH]
Pituitary glands:
The pituitary glands also called as hypophysis, a pea sized lump of tissue connected to the inferior portion of the hypothalamus. The pituitary gland is made of two completely structures: the posterior and interior pituitary glands.
Posterior pituitary glands:
The posterior pituitary gland is not actually glandular tissue but nervous tissue instead. The nurosecretry cells create two hormones in the hypothalamus that are stored and released by posterior pituitary.
. Oxytocin triggers uterine contractions during childbirth and releasing of milk during breastfeeding.
.  Antidieuretic hormones prevent water loss in the body by increasing the re-uptake of water in the kidneys.
Anterior pituitary gland is a true glandular part of pituitary glands. The function of this gland is controlled by releasing and inhibiting hormones of hypothalamus. It produces 6 important hormones:
. Thyroid stimulating hormones [TSH]
. Follicle stimulating hormones [FSH]
. Human growth hormones [HGH]
. Luteinizing hormones [LH]
. Prolactin [PRL]

Pineal glands:
The pineal gland is a small pinecone-shaped mass of glandular tissue found just posterior to the thalamus of the brain. The pineal gland produces hormones melatonin. The activity of pineal gland is inhibited by stimulation from the photoreceptor of retina. The light sensitivity causes melatonin to be produced only in low light or darkness.

The Human Blood Circulatory System or Cardiovescular System

THE HUMAN BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEM or CARDIOVESCULAR SYSTEM:
The circulatory system is also called cardiovascular system, is an organ system that permits the blood to circulate and transport nutrients. Such as amino acid and electrolites, hormones, oxygen, carbon dioxide.
The circulatory system consist of three independent system that works together [the heart or cardiovascular, lungs or pulmonary and artries, veins, coronary and portal vassal systemic]
The system is responsible for the flow of blood, nutrients, oxygen and other gasses and as well as hormones to and from the cell.
The heart is muscular organ which have four chambers. Heart is located just behind and slightly left the chest bone, it pumps blood through the network of arteries and veins called as cardiovascular system.
The systemic circulation is a major portion of circulatory system. The network of veins, arteries and blood vassals transport oxygenated blood from the heart to organs and body’s cell and then back deoxygenated blood to the heart.
An average adult have 5 to 6 quarts [4.7_5.6 liter] of blood which made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
The system of blood vassals in human body measure about 60,000 miles [96,560 kilometers].
Arteries carry oxygen-rich from the heart to the body and veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.
The superior vana cava carries oxygen-poor blood into the heart and the aorta supplies the oxygen-rich blood to the whole body.

Tissue Of The Human Body

TISSUES OF THE HUMAN BODY:

A tissue is ensemble of similar cell from the same origin that together carries out a specific function.
The study of disease is known as histology or related disease of histology. Organs are then formed by the functional grouping together of multiple tissues.
Classification of tissues,
The animal tissue is divided into four basic types;
Connective tissues
Nervous tissues
Muscle tissues
Epithelial tissues
Connective tissues:
Connective tissues are fibrous tissues. They are made up of cell made up of non living material which is called extracellular matrix. This matrix can be rigid or liquid.
For example;
Blood has plasma as its matrix and bone matrix is rigid. Connective gives shape to organ.blood, bone, tendon, adipose and ligament tissues are the example of connective tissues.

Nervous tissues:
The cells which are composed on central nervous system [CVS] and peripheral nervous system are classified as neural tissues.
Muscular tissues:
The tissues which are from the active contractile tissue from the body are called as the muscle tissues or muscular tissues. The functions of muscular tissues are to produce force and cause motion.muscule tissue is separated into three categories; smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle.
Epithelial tissues:
The epithelial tissues are formed by cell that covers the organ surfaces such as the surface of [the skin, the airways, the reproductive tract and the inner lining of digestive tract.
Functions of epithelial tissues;
. The cells of the body surface from the outer layer of the skin
. Epithelial tissues help in absorption of water and nutrients
. Epithelial tissues help in elimination of waste
. Epithelial secrete enzymes and/or hormones in the form of glands

Basic Unit Of Human Body or Cell

Cells are the basic buildings of all living things or the basic structural and functional unit of the human body.

In common mean can say that these are like small pors.The human body composed of trillion cells. They can replicate independently and are often known as the buildings of life. The human body consists of six major systems and the study of every system starts from the cell because the cluster of cells are formed tissues the combination of tissues makes organ cluster of organ makes organ system and organ system combines with one another to form an individual.

The cell body contains different organelles that perform their own functions.

The organelles contain;

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Golgi body

Endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Cytoskeleton 

Cell membrane

  Cytoplasm 

Lissome 

Centrosomes 

Vacuoles 

Nucleolus

Chromosomes 

Cell Membrane:

Cell membrane is an outer covering of cytoplasm. It protects the cytoplasmic organelles and also protects the cell from macromolecules. Cell membrane permits the macro as well as micro molecules to come in or come out from the cell. It is also called the protecting wall of the cell.

Chromosomes:

Two different kinds of genetic material are exist Deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] and Ribonucleic acid [RNA].cells used DNA for their long term information storage. Biological information contain in an organism encoded in DNA sequence.RNA is used for information transport it contain different types such as mRNA, tRNA, rRNA.

The human body contains 44 sex chromosomes containing the pair of 22 from man and 22 from women these are locate in chromosomes.

Nucleus:

It is the main organelle performs the major role in cell body. Nucleus controls the cell activities this organelle is used as the brain of the cell. Nucleus contains dark liquid called as nucleolus. Nucleus locates in the center of cell. The chromosomes also locate in nucleus. 

THE DILEVERY OF HEALTHCARE

Health care is about the provision of total medical care.

Infect  the healthcare is the diagnosis, prevention of disease ,treatment or cure of diseases ,injury, illness and other physical and mental disfunctioning of human body. This system is delivered by professional authorized personalities like practitioners in [allied health, dentistry, medicins, obstetrics, optomatry, pharmacy, nursing, psychology and other health professions.

Healthcare system has the significance in every country and community as well. This system is providing the benefits of developing the country. countries and jurisdictions have polices and plans in relation to personnel and populations based healthcare goals in there socities.According to the World Health Organization [WHO] a well functioning healthcare system requires a good financing system, a well trained staff, reliable information on which to base decisions and polices and well maintained health facilities.

Healthcare is regarded as an important determinant in promoting the general physical and mental health and well being of people around the world. For example the worldwide eradication of smallpox in 1980 the first disease in human history was completely eliminated by deliberate healthcare interventions.

The delivery of healthcare is depends on group of trained staff such as physicians, pharmacist, nursing, dentistry and other allied health staff. This system also runs with professional and preprofessional staff. This system is done by different methods such as primary care [it refers to the work of professionals who act as a first line treatment to the all patients or first line therapy as well] such as family physician and general practitionar, a lisenced practitioner such as physiotherapist or a non physician primary care such as physician assistant, nursing practitioner a pharmacist or an Ayurvedic or another traditional medicine officer. Depending on the condition of patients may then be rafferd to secondary or tertiary care.Secondry care [is the health care service provided by medical specialist and other allied health professional who generally do not have first contact with patients.  Such as cardiologist, dermatologist etc.]Tertiary care [it deals with the acute as well as chronic disease also contain surgery and operations].