The endocrine system is the collection glands that produce hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and development, tissue functioning, sexual functioning, reproduction sleep and mood among other things.
The major endocrine glands include the piturary glands, pinerial glands, pencrias, overies, tasties, thyroid glands, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, gastrointestinal tract, and hypothalamus.
The endocrine system is in contrast to the exocrine system which secretes its hormones using ducts.
The endocrine system is an information signals system like the nervous system but classifiably these both are different.
Hypothalamus:
Hypothalamus is a part of brain that locate superior and inferior to the brain system and inferior to the thalamus. It is also responsible for the direct control of the endocrine system through pituitary glands.
The hypothalamus has special cells called neurosecratory cellsneurones that secretes hormones:
. oxytocin
. growth hormone-releasing hormones [GHRH]
. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormones [GnRH]
. Corticotrophin-releasing hormones [CRH]
. Antidieuretic hormones [ADH]
Pituitary glands:
The pituitary glands also called as hypophysis, a pea sized lump of tissue connected to the inferior portion of the hypothalamus. The pituitary gland is made of two completely structures: the posterior and interior pituitary glands.
Posterior pituitary glands:
The posterior pituitary gland is not actually glandular tissue but nervous tissue instead. The nurosecretry cells create two hormones in the hypothalamus that are stored and released by posterior pituitary.
. Oxytocin triggers uterine contractions during childbirth and releasing of milk during breastfeeding.
. Antidieuretic hormones prevent water loss in the body by increasing the re-uptake of water in the kidneys.
Anterior pituitary gland is a true glandular part of pituitary glands. The function of this gland is controlled by releasing and inhibiting hormones of hypothalamus. It produces 6 important hormones:
. Thyroid stimulating hormones [TSH]
. Follicle stimulating hormones [FSH]
. Human growth hormones [HGH]
. Luteinizing hormones [LH]
. Prolactin [PRL]
Pineal glands:
The pineal gland is a small pinecone-shaped mass of glandular tissue found just posterior to the thalamus of the brain. The pineal gland produces hormones melatonin. The activity of pineal gland is inhibited by stimulation from the photoreceptor of retina. The light sensitivity causes melatonin to be produced only in low light or darkness.
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